How do batteries in devices like iPod Touches last for such a long time? Are they made out of special material?

What are the batteries made out of and how do they last for as long as they do?
You can’t buy rechargeable batteries that are as good as the ones in the iPod Touches.

By “last for such a long time” do you mean years before they need to be replaced, or hours of play before they need a recharge? Either way, Ipods and the like use Lithium Ion (LiOH) batteries. And YES, you CAN buy rechargeable lithium batteries, batteries that are even better than the ones in an ipod, but they are usually designed to be used in a specific device such as the battery pack in a laptop computer or a battery pack in a digital camera or they are built in like an ipod and not accessable. They do not come in the AA, AAA, C and D sizes you are familiar with because they have a different voltage of 3.6 volts instead of the 1.5 volts of a typical AA, AAA, C or D cell. AND, they are extremely sensitive to how they are charged and discharged. Overcharge even a little bit, and the LiOH cell can die. Short circuit the cell and it can literally explode or get so hot it can start a fire. They use a special electrical protection circuit in the device to protect the cell from overcharge or too much discharge. Recently, a cell phone manufacturer took a BIG hit for exploding batteries and for phones which got so hot they literally burned people from inside a pocket or started a fire in a purse. The problem was exposed charging contacts on the back of the phone and metal objects in the purse or pocket shorting the cells which were electrically unprotected. Unprotected bare cells are dangerous, which is why bare cells are NOT generally sold to the public. Nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteries DO come in AA, AAA, C and D sizes but have a slightly lower terminal voltage of 1.25 volts rather than the 1.5 volts of a typical alkaline battery. I use AA cells in my CD and MP3 players. The NiMH cells lasts about 20 hours of play before it dies on low voltage. An alkaline cell lasts about 30 hours. Three recharges and I have paid for the rechargeable higher initial cost over alkaline cells. The typical LiOH cell gets about 800-1000 recharge cycles. The same applies to NiMH cells. At that rate, if I did a full recharge every day, I’m looking at 2 to 3 years of daily use, even longer if I do not recharge every day. NOW you know why they “last so long”…

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